0635 Name Eiyad KhairyGrade 8N Essays - Waves, Acoustics

0635 Name Eiyad KhairyGrade 8N Essays - Waves, Acoustics 0-635 Name: Grade 8(N) MYP Science Title: Sound Key concept: Relationships Related concepts: Relationships / Models / interaction Global contexts: Identities and relationships / Roles and role models Topic: The sound wave Statement of inquiry: Models can represent the structural and functional relationship between sound and energy. Inquiry questions: Factual: What is the sound? Conceptual: How do sound travel through mediums? Debatable: What are the applications based on echo? MYP Assessment Criteria B- Inquiring and designing C- Processing and evaluating Writing a lab report about The sound wave Due date is before Tuesday 17/3/2015 Theoretical background Waves transmit energy without transmitting matter. This means that waves can move energy (or information) from one place to another without moving any substance (stuff) from one place to another. The amount of energy which a wave depends on its amplitude. Longitudinal waves move through substance backwards and forwards. After the wave has gone, the substance is back where it started but energy has been carried by the wave from its origin (where it begins) to its destination (where it finishes). The sound wave is a longitudinal wave. It cant travel through a vacuum (nothing), when a longitudinal wave moves through a material, the particles of the material move backwards and forwards along the direction in which the wave is travelling. Below is a picture of a longitudinal wave travelling along a slinky. Rarefaction is the name given to the region where the slinky is pulled apart. Compression is the name given to the region where the slinky is pushed together. The wavelength can be measured as the distance between the centers of two compressions. Wavelength is given the symbol l (Greek lambda), and is measured in meters because it is a distance. Denoted by . Frequency is defined as "the number of complete cycles (complete waves or vibrations) in one second". Hertz is the unit of frequency (symbol Hz). Denoted by . The period of a wave is defined as "the time taken for one complete cycle or vibration". Denoted by T. The wave equation links between frequency and wavelength: Speed = frequency x wavelength v=f f= 1T= ntWhere: v is speed measuren in [M/s] f is frequency measured in [Hz]T is periodic time time needed to complete one cycle measured in [s] N is the number of vibrations T is total time of vibrations measured in [s] Aims: In this investigation you will be able to: Use slinky to calculate the frequency of a wave. Materials: Slinky Stopwatch Meter stick Task: Your task is to write a lab report about longitudinal waves. Procedure Stretch the slinky between two group members without making it too tight. Make sure the slinky is lying on the floor (as shown in figure 1 below) Create a longitudinal wave pulse by pushing the slinky forward parallel to it. The slinky should still be in a straight line and the wave pulse (squished up part) should travel to the other end of the slinky. Measure the distance that the wave travels between people (the length of the slinky) in meters and record this in table 1. The third person should time the wave through this distance, from one person to another. Enter this time into table 1. You will record the time it takes the longitudinal wave to travel from one person to another for a total of three separate times. These times will not be exactly the same, but should be close to each other. The fourth person should count the number of pulses pass through the slinky for each time. Average these times and enter the average in table 1. To average the time add them up and divide by their number. average time= time1+time2+time33Calculate the speed of this longitudinal wave using the wave equation: speedms=distance traveled (m)time (s)Record the speed of this longitudinal wave you calculated into table 1 in meters per second. Show your work and calculation in analysis part. Communicate scientific information effectively using scientific language correctly. Present all the information appropriately using symbolic and/or visual representation accurately according to the chosen application. Figure 1 Part 1: Introduction Problem statement: How does the amount of vibration affect the frequency? Hypothesis: If the amount of vibration increases then the frequency will increase. Explaining the hypothesis: The frequency will increase because it depends on the amount of vibration speed. Dependent Variable: Frequency Independent Variable: The amount of vibration Controlled variables: Time: (1 min) Equipment: Slinky Stopwatch Meter stick Procedure: I stretched the slinky between

Greek Idiots - Democracy and Voting - Myth vs Fact

Greek Idiots - Democracy and Voting - Myth vs Fact In ancient Greece, the inventors of democracy set up a law that required every person to vote, regardless of who they voted for. If anyone was found not voting, the person would be publicly marked and labeled an idiot, someone who thought their own personal needs trumped those of the society around them, and over time, the word idiot has evolved into todays usage. -Â   Isaac DeVille, Michigan State columnist It just isnt true that all Greeks or even all citizens of Athens were required to vote, and its not true on many levels. Only males (free and, originally, propertied; later, also born to two Athenian-born parents) could become citizens.Only citizens could vote.These potentially voting citizens were limited to those without a personal or inherited mark (atimia) against them.In addition, whats true about one period of democracy is not necessarily true of another. 1275a: 22-23: A citizen defined in simple terms is someone who can participate in judging [that is, serve as a juror in the court system] and in governing [that is, serve in public office, which here means not just magistracies but also serving in the assembly and on the council in systems of government that have these institutions]. Stoa Project Aristotle www.stoa.org/projects/demos/article_aristotle_democracy?page8greekEncodingUnicodeC Politics Male Athenian citizens actively participated, but voting was only a part of what was meant by democracy. Speaking well and being physically present in the communal life were crucial.The Athenian assembly, which held 6000 citizens, decided most of the issues.Citizen-orators persuaded their fellow citizen-voters.The voting itself could be conducted by a show of hands, as is seen Aristophanes comedy Ecclesiazousai, where Praxagora describes the voting in the Assembly:Its difficult; yet it must be done, and the arm shown naked to the shoulder in order to vote.Officials chose the winner based on a visual estimate of the majority of hands. They certainly werent counting exactly enough to make sure there were 6000 hands on 6000 discrete bodies. Sometimes more secretive ballots were used small, colored balls placed in urns. 6000 was not the entire citizen body, although it was a hefty portion.A body of 6000 citizens served as juries, meeting about half the days of the year, with each of the ten tribes providing its required share.A lottery selected the 400 or 500 men for the third governmenta l group, called the boule. Steven Kreis The Athenian Origins of Direct Democracy explains the idiot reference in the student newspaper: At Athens, a citizen who held no official position or who was not a habitual orator in the Assembly was branded as idiotai. This is a far cry from calling the non-voter an idiot. Idiotai is also used to distinguish the common people from the poor (penetes) and the more powerful (dynatoi). Idiotai is also used for unskilled worker. While we dont know what the population figures are for ancient Athens, and it changed over time, if there were say, 30,000 male citizens, more than a third of them were actively involved in politics at times. If we followed the Athenian example, who would feed, house, clothe, educate, and medicate the families of the politicians? Pay for time spent fulfilling the civic obligation was at first non-existent. Aristotle has several passages in his Politics explaining why. Here is one: 1308b: 31-33: It is of the greatest importance in all systems of government to have laws and the rest of governmental administration so arranged that magistrates cannot profit financially from their offices. There is a passage from a work ascribed to Aristotle in a section about Solon that probably led to the columnists idea. It comes from Constitution section 8: Further, [Solon] saw the state often engaged in internal disputes, while many of the citizens from sheer indifference accepted whatever might turn up, he made a law with express reference to such persons, enacting that any one who, in a time civil factions, did not take up arms with either party, should lose his rights as a citizen and cease to have any part in the state. Although not the last word that could be said on the issue, modern Americans are not like classical Athenians. We neither live our lives in public nor do we all want to be politicians (although neither did Socrates, even though he sat on the Athenian Boule). Requiring us to be penalized for failing to go to the polling booths andmake choices on the ballot once every 4 years because thats what they did in the birthplace of democracy misses the point of the ancient Greek democratic process. Further Reading on Greek Voting and Idiots The Tradition of the Athenian Democracy A. D. 1750-1990, Mogens Herman Hansen Greece Rome, 2nd Ser., Vol. 39, No. 1. (Apr., 1992), pp. 14-30.The Athenian Assembly in the Age of Demosthenes, Mogens Herman Hansen. Review author: Phillip Harding Phoenix, Vol. 44, No. 2. (Summer, 1990), pp. 199-200.The Ten Archontes of 579/8 at Athens, Thomas J. Figueira Hesperia, Vol. 53, No. 4. (Oct. - Dec., 1984), pp. 447-473.The Duration of a Meeting of the Athenian Ecclesia, Mogens Herman Hansen. Classical Philology, Vol. 74, No. 1. (Jan., 1979), pp. 43-49.Christopher W. Blackwell, The Assembly, in C.W. Blackwell, ed., DÄ“mos: Classical Athenian Democracy (A. Mahoney and R. Scaife, edd., The Stoa: a consortium for electronic publication in the humanities [www.stoa.org]) edition of March 26, 2003. More of Democracy Then and Now Part 1: IntroductionPart 2: AristotlePart 3: ThucydidesPart 4: PlatoPart 5: AeschinesPart 6: IsocratesPart 7: HerodotusPart 8: Pseudo-XenophonPart 9: Q. Were All Ancient Greeks Required to Vote or Risk Being Labeled Idiots?

The Advantages of Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Advantages of Depression - Essay Example When a person is unhappy about something on a subconscious level, they do not realize it consciously. They continue to get unhappier and more discontent, without realizing why. Then, as a defense to letting this condition continue, the mind goes into depression. Only when the patient addresses the problem (cause of depression) consciously, does the depression end (Seligman et al, 1988). Here, one can think of depression as the minds way of bringing attention to ignored problems in the mind. It sheds light on the problems which are keeping the person from becoming happy, and refuses to let the person live normally until the problem stands addressed (Lehrer, 2010). Thus, far from a nuisance, depression is a tool of the mind to bringing a person closer to happiness. Finally, this disease also provides the patient with an advantage as far as abilities is concerned. A rather unexplained fact related to depression is that it leads to an increase in creativity. Several artists and writers from both past and present have been reported to be patients of depression. According to Nancy Andreasen, a neuroscientist who has researched extensively about this characteristic of depression, this correlation is explained by the increased levels of persistence found in patients of depression. They are able to fully concentrate on their work, and persevere with the task. This leads to a boost in their creativity enjoyed by these patients of depression (Lehrer, 2010).

Apple vs. Samsung Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Apple vs. Samsung - Essay Example Apple and Samsung are world leaders in smartphones and tablets, the two fastest growing consumer electronics market across the globe. For this reason, the success of Apple’s law suit could potentially have global ramifications even though the ruling only applies to the American market. A possible scenario that could play out is for Apple to pursue other competitors in the US – with many analysts seeing the Android Operating System as the main target. However, given that we do not see Apple’s lawsuit succeeding in other jurisdictions, this would segment the global consumer electronics industry into the US and the rest of the world. This would isolate the US consumer electronics industry from global competition. This could be beneficial for the Apple in the short-run but in the long-run the lack of competition could eventually make the US consumer electronics industry to go the way of the US auto-industry. There are three questions that I see arising from this article. First, interaction design is a fundamental component of consumer electronics. Is it ethical to grant proprietary rights to fundamental components that advance the growth of the industry? Secondly, when looking at such patent-infringement battles is the effect on consumers weighed in or only the interests of corporations are taken into account? What is the greater good? Banks, T. (2012, August 28). Apple vs. Samsung - what does it mean for design? Design Week. Retrieved September 11, 2012, from

Biotechnology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Biotechnology - Essay Example Recent technological advancements in the application of biotechnology have raised certain ethical concerns among people. Genetically engineered food has been a subject of hot debate for the past three decades. Genetically engineered food is an application of biotechnology in agriculture which has enabled us to design and create plants with the desired characteristics through genetic engineering. This idea has been rejected by some and praised by others. Both parties do realize how this technology could revolutionize the world but the idea of this revolution differs. The proponents and opponents of biotechnology and its application envision different futures. The idea of biotechnology is to aid human life but no one can guarantee whether it will be used to aid life or not. Scientists face such criticism everyday but this does not mean that they should stop doing their research. If they did so in the past then we may probably be living in miserable conditions. Technology is only a tool that has helped humanity survive through tough times. The crux of the matter is that the rewards of biotechnology do outweigh the risks associated with it. Biotechnology or Bioengineering has been accused of carrying potential threat but this does not mean that no reward comes with this threat. In fact Biotechnology does promises potential rewards whose proof can still be observed. Risks and threats have always accompanied technology but this in no way implies that one should give up on technology as I further stated that it is our moral obligation to provide our future generations with whatever we can to help them battle the problems of the world. This can in fact be termed as a compensation for using the resources of this planet for our present generation of people. Evidence of the fruits of Biotechnology has been most visible in the

The Importance of Being Earnest and Dr. Faustus | Comparison

The Importance of Being Earnest and Dr. Faustus | Comparison Deception and hypocrisy remained a challenge to social morality since ages and every great writer has taken into consideration this socio-ethical dilemma in his works and has depicted its various manifestations at various levels. Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe and The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde depict various manifestations of deceptions and hypocrisy i.e. self-deception by denial of realities, trickery to others, and self-consideration through various thematic expressions. Main characters in both plays suffer from moral illusions at one level and their unique characteristics make it easier for them to hide behind the mask of trickery and hypocrisy at another level. The most subtle form of deception is self-deception and protagonists of both plays suffer from acute self-deception by denying realities around or within them. Faustus seems to be obsessed with his own intelligence and this tragic flaw laps over with his pride and leads him toward self-deception. Dr. Faustus unlimited passion for absolute knowledge set an impetus toward hypocrisy and self-deception that ends with his tragic downfall. As a perfect epitome of renaissance man, he hankers after excessive power and considers knowledge as the only instrument available to him to get absolute power. His overambitious quest for knowledge forces him to make a deal with Satan. This deal refers to an intellectual myopic illusion, a form of acute self-deception, as he believes that a devilish character, who himself does not have absolute knowledge, will capacitate him with absolute knowledge. In Wildes play, despite the fact that both Jack and Algernon are Bunburyists, but at certain points in th e play, Wilde shows denial of this reality by these protagonists regarding the issue of homosexuality. They deny the fact and feel for heterosexuality. Algernon is entirely pleased to be a homosexual whereas Jack feels disgusting about it. Algernon says in this regard; Nothing will induce me to part with Bunbury, and if you ever get married, which seems to me extremely problematic, you will be very glad to know Bunbury. A man who marries without knowing Bunbury has a very tedious time of it. (Wilde, 1990, p. 7) Jack oppositely says; That is nonsense. If I marry a charming girl like Gwendolen, and she is the only girl I ever saw in my life that I would marry, I certainly wont want to know Bunbury. (Wilde, 1990, p.7) But his transformation is not known completely in the play. So he essentially remains a Banbury but denies this fact apparently. Furthermore, Jack creates an imaginary figure to escape from social liabilities and moral obligation. So Faustus in Dr. Faustus and Jack and Al gernon in The Importance of Being Earnest are unable to recognize and accept realities around and within them in the right perspective. Hypocrisy is another form of deception that these two plays incorporate in the plot as a thematic expression and manifest through misleading practices and fraudulencies of certain characters. Algernon, the major character in The Importance of Being Earnest elaborates this terminology of Bunburying as a sophisticated deception exercise that permit to conceal ones original personality and indulge in activities which society does not allow. Wilde has beautifully shown the subtle fraudulencies and trickeries of Ernest. Cecily Cardew assumes about Ernest that Ernest has a strong upright nature. He is the very soul of truth and honor. Disloyalty would be as impossible to him as deception. (Wilde, 1990, p. 36) So she negates any blemish of foul play about him. Jack not only lies about his name being Earnest but when inquired by Algernon about an inscription on his cigarette case from Cecily, he falsely claims she is his aunt before finally admitting that he is guardian to his adopted father s granddaughter. This leaves the reader to wonder if anything about Jacks or Earnests life is real at all, perhaps he has been lying for so long that he doesnt even know what the real truth is. Thats the reason that Cecily says in the end, A gross deception has been practiced on both of us.(Wilde, 1990, p. 39) Marlowe points out the religious hypocrisy by the deceitful practices of church members. When Faustus visits Pope for guidance and advice but finds his men raucous and hypocrite, he satirizes them for on their petty rituals and hypocritical practices. He says; How! Bell, book, and candle; candle book and bell, / Forward and backward, to curse Faustus to hell (Marlowe, 1990, p.44). But Marlowe also reveals that though Faustus castigates church men for their double standards, he himself is indulged in hypocrisy. His underlying objective to get more knowledge is different from what he propagates to others. He does not want to be a petty magician and his designs are grand and dang erous. So he acquires his knowledge by mere hypocrisy. Mephistopheles and Lucifer also deceive Faustus through their hypocritical practices. In Scene 5, Mephistopheles informs Faustus that after signing the pact with Lucifer he will be as great as Lucifer (Marlowe, 1990, p. 19) and his every desire will be fulfilled. But after signing the contract with his own blood, none of these promises come true. So Faustus is trapped to sign the contract by false promises that are a manifestation of hypocrisy on part of Mephistopheles and Lucifer. Third level of deception that Marlowe and Wilde take into account is self-love and self-consideration. Narcissm is considered a chief deception that hampers one attitude to look around and search for the best. Jack in Importance of Being Ernest, only has himself in mind when he claims to be Earnest, and goes to call on Cecily, In fact, now you mention the subject, I have been very bad in my own small way. (Wilde, 1990, p. 24). The tragedy of Faustus solely arises out of his self-centeredness and self-consideration. It was his love for his own self that compels him to acquire absolute knowledge in order to become eternal and the most powerful man on earth. This self-love is further augmented by his pride and arrogance. Diluted by this self-love, a great man as Faustus challenges the natural orders of things and this self-love finally brings his tragic downfall. Above-mentioned arguments and textual evidence from the plays clearly demonstrate that deception works through various means in these plays. These various forms and levels deception are illustrated effectively through characterisation and development of plot. Both Marlowe and Wilde have effectively used various thematic expressions of deceptions to bring out the moral illusions of characters and their weaknesses. References Marlowe, C., Dyce, A. (1990s). Dr. Faustus. [Montana]: Kessinger Publishing. Wilde, O. (1990). The importance of being earnest. New York: Dover Publications.

Comparison between Female Characters in Beowulf Essay -- Beowulf Compa

Comparison between Female Characters in Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Beowulf, the Old English epic tells the story of one brave hero and his battles against evil monsters. The poem deals with mostly masculine elements like fight descriptions, depictions of armor and long inspiring speeches. However, the women characters in the epic also have important roles and they are far from being superficial, as it may seem at first. There are several female figures in Beowulf; this paper will focus on three of them- queen Wealhtheow of the Danes, queen Hygd of the Geats and Grendel?s mother. These characters have many parallels between them but in a way some are the ?alter-ego? of the others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Wealhtheow is the perfect hostess and devoted queen and wife. Her first appearance in the poem demonstrates her official duties as the queen: ?Wealhtheow came in, Hrotgar?s queen, observing the courtesies. Adorned in her gold, she graciously saluted the men in the hall, then handed the cup first to Hrotgar?So the Helming woman went on her rounds, queenly and dignified, decked out in rings, offering the goblet to all ranks, treating the household and the assembled troop (lines 612-623). As a queen, Wealhtheow has a role to fulfill and she does it with grace. She welcomes the guests; offers mead and creates a peaceful atmosphere in the mead-hall. The figure of Grendel?s mother is quite the opposite in this aspect- she is the ?anti- hostess? and far from being graceful. This creature does not greet the man who arrives to her dwelling; she fights Beowulf desperately and only a divine interference saves his life: ?It was hard-fought, a desperate affair that could have gone badly; if God had not helped me, the outcome would have been quick and fatal? (lines1657-1658). One can claim that these manners of Grendel?s mother are quite masculine. We find that she fights well and has the qualities of a great warrior if she was almost able to overcome Beowulf and she takes upon herself the manly duty of avenging her dead son. Beowulf himself says to Hrotgar that: ?It always better to avenge dear ones than to indulge in mourning? (lines 1384-1385). Taking vengeance for warrior?s death is noble but Grendel?s mother?s attentions are condemned by the poet ? she cannot be noble and she cannot act upon warrior?s code of honor; this notion comes from the fact that she is not really human and more impor... ...at queen does not trust her son to be a successful sovereign and she does not try to secure his future on the throne. Unlike Wealtheow and Grendel?s mother Hygd?s primary concern is to her people, not her son: ?There Hygd offered him throne and authority as lord of the ring-hoard: with Hygelac dead, she had no belief in her son?s ability to defend their homeland against foreign invaders? (lines 2369-2372). After a closer look in Beowulf one will find that the women roles in the poem are quite central and significant. They enrich the narrative by developing the plot and enlighten their men?s intentions. Nevertheless the women in the poem have their own will and power- political or physical. Thought some share similar qualities women characters are not patterned or superficial; these women are defined by dominant male figures but nonetheless they have their own significant features and depth. Works Sited: Anonymous. Beowulf. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th Edition. Vol. I. (pp.32-99). Ed. Abrams, M.H., New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2000. ?Germanic History and Culture?, Germanic Heritage Page, The Anglo-Saxon Domain www.anglo-saxon.demon.co.uk .